TransPacific Partnership (TPP) Negotiating Parties - TPP IP Chapter-Leaked Draft- Section G: Copyright & Related Rights lyrics

{COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS} {Section G: Copyright and Related Rights [124]} Article QQ.G.1: {Copyright and Related Rights / Right of Reproduction} 1. Each Party shall provide125 that authors, [NZ oppose: performers], and producers of phonograms126 have the right127 to authorize or prohibit all reproductions of their works, [NZ oppose: performances], and phonograms, [128] in any manner or form,[129] VN/CA/NZ oppose: permanent or temporary (including temporary storage in electronic form) [130][131] [VN propose: it shall be a matter for national legislation to determine exceptions and limitations under which the right may be exercised]. Article QQ.G.2: {Copyright} Without prejudice to Articles 11(1)(ii), 11bis(1)(i) and (ii), 11ter(1)(ii), 14(1)(ii), and 14bis(1) of the Berne Convention, each Party shall provide to authors the exclusive right to authorize or prohibit the communication to the public of their works, by wire or wireless means, including the making available to the public of their works in such --FOOTNOTES-- 124 Negotiator's Note: MX is still reflecting the coverage of related rights in this chapter. 125 The Parties reaffirm that it is a matter for each Party's law to prescribe that works in general or any specified categories of works, performances and phonograms shall not be protected by copyright or related rights unless they have been fixed in some material form. 126 References to "authors, performers, and producers of phonograms" refer also to any successors in interest. 127 With respect to copyrights and related rights in this Chapter, the "right to authorize or prohibit" and the "right to authorize" refer to exclusive rights. 128 [US/AU/PE/CA/CL/MX/SG/MY/NZ/VN propose: With respect to [PE/CL/MX oppose: copyright and] related rights in this Chapter, a "performance" means a performance fixed in a phonogram unless otherwise specified.] 129 [VN/BN/CA propose: The reproduction right, as set out in Article 9 of the Berne Convention [CA propose: and articles 7 and 11 of the WPPT], and the exceptions permitted thereunder, fully apply in the digital environment, in particular to the use of works [CA propose: , performances and phonograms] in digital form. It is understood that the storage of a protected work [CA propose: , performance or phonogram] in digital form in an electronic medium constitutes a reproduction within the meaning of [CA propose: the articles referenced in this footnote] [CA oppose: Article 9 of the Berne Convention.] 130 [CL/NZ/MY/BN/JP propose: It is consistent with this Agreement to provide exceptions and limitations for temporary acts of reproduction which are transient or incidental and an integral and essential part of a technological process and whose sole purpose is to enable (a) a lawful transmission in a network between third parties by an intermediary; or (b) a lawful use of a work; and which have no independent economic significance.] [Negotiators Note: Discussions indicated no substantive objection to the concept, however, Parties continue to consider whether the footnote is required, where it might best be place d, and how it should be drafted.] 131 [CA/JP propose: It is a matter for each Party's law to determine when a given act constitutes a temporary reproduction for the purposes of copyright and related rights.] 49---PAGE BREAK--- a way that members of the public may access these works from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.132Article QQ.G.3: {Copyright and Related Rights} US/AU/PE/NZ/SG/CL/MX propose; VN/MY/BN/JP oppose: Each Party shall provide to authors, NZ/MX oppose: performers, and producers of phonograms the right to authorize or prohibit the importation133 into that Party's territory of copies134 of the work PE oppose: NZ/MX: oppose: performance, or phonogram made without authorization, PE/AU/NZ/CA/SG/CL/MX/JP oppose: or made outside that Party's territory with the authorization of the author, performer, or producer of the phonogram.135136Article QQ.G.4: {Right of Distribution} Each Party shall provide to authors, NZ/MX oppose: performers, and producers of phonograms the right to authorize or prohibit the making available to the public of the original and copies137 of their works, NZ/MX oppose: performances, and phonograms through sale or other transfer of ownership.138 --FOOTNOTES-- 132 It is understood that the mere provision of physical facilities for enabling or making a communication does not in itself amount to communication within the meaning of this Chapter or the Berne Convention. It is further understood that nothing in this Article precludes a Party from applying Article 11bis(2) of the Berne Convention. 133 NZ propose: For the purpose of this paragraph importation may exclude importation for private or domestic use. 134 PE/NZ propose: The expressions "copies" in this paragraph refers exclusively to fixed copies that can be put into circulation as tangible copies. Negotiators' Note: US can support the concept subject to final drafting. JP propose: A Party may comply with its obligations under this paragraph by legislating in the Party's law that such importation, for the purpose of distribution, is deemed to be infringement. Negotiator's Note: With this footnote, Japan can withdraw its opposition in the first line of QQ.G.3. 135 US: With respect to copies of works and phonograms that have been placed on the market by the relevant right holder, the obligations described in Article QQ.G.3 apply only to books, journals, sheet music, sound recordings, computer programs, and audio and visual works (i.e., categories of products in which the value of the copyrighted material represents substantially all of the value of the product). Notwithstanding the foregoing, each Party may provide the protection described in Article QQ.G.3 to a broader range of goods. 136 Negotiator's Note: The US is considering the relationship between this provision and other proposals regarding the exhaustion of IP rights, as well as other TPP countries' legal regimes. 137The expressions "copies" and "original and copies" subject to the right of distribution in this paragraph refer exclusively to fixed copies that can be put into circulation as tangible objects US/CA/SG oppose: , i.e., for this purpose, "copies" means physical copies. 138 AU/VN/PE/NZ/BN/MY/SG/CA/CL/MX/JP propose: Nothing in this Agreement shall affect a Party's right to determine the conditions, if any, under which the exhaustion of this right applies after the first sale or other transfer of ownership of the original or a copy of their works, performances, or phonograms with the authorization of CA/SG propose: the author, performer or producer CA/SG oppose: the right holder. (Negotiator's Note: VN prefers this to be in the text as opposed to a footnote). 50---PAGE BREAK--- Article QQ.G.5: Each Party shall provide that in cases where authorization is needed from both the author of a work embodied in a phonogram and a performer or producer owning rights in the phonogram, the need for the authorization of the author does not cease to exist because the authorization of the performer or producer is also required. Likewise, each Party shall provide that in cases where authorization is needed from both the author of a work embodied in a phonogram and a performer or producer owning rights in the phonogram, the need for the authorization of the performer or producer does not cease to exist because the authorization of the author is also required. Article QQ.G.6: US/AU/PE/SG/CL/MX propose; VN/BN/NZ/MY/CA/JP oppose: Each Party shall provide that, where the term of protection of a work (including a photographic work), performance, or phonogram is to be calculated: (a) on the basis of the life of a natural person, the term shall be not less than the life of the author and [MX propose: 100] [MX oppose: 70] years after the author's d**h; and (b) on a basis other than the life of a natural person, the term shall be: (i) not less than US propose; CL oppose: 95 AU/PE/SG/CL propose: 70 MX propose: 75 years from the end of the calendar year of the first authorized publication of the work, performance, or phonogram, or (ii) failing such authorized publication within US propose; CL oppose: 25 SG/PE/AU/CL propose: 50 years from the creation of the work, performance, or phonogram, not less than US propose; CL oppose: 120 AU/PE/SG/CL propose: 70 years from the end of the calendar year of the creation of the work, performance, or phonogram. Article QQ.G.7: {Term of Protection for Copyright and Related Rights} NZ/BN/MY/VN/CA/JP propose; US/AU/SG/MX oppose: The term of protection of a work, performance or phonogram shall be determined according to each Party's domestic law and the international agreements to which each Party is a party. Article QQ.G.8: Each Party shall apply Article 18 of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1971) (Berne Convention) and 51---PAGE BREAK--- PE/SG/NZ/BN/US/VN/CL/MY/MX139: the corresponding provision in Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement, mutatis mutandis, to CA oppose: the subject matter, rights, and obligations CA propose; US oppose: rights of authors, performers and producers of phonograms in Section G. QQ.G.8: CA/JP/SG/BN/NZ/PE/CL/VN/AU140 propose: Each Party shall apply, mutatis mutandis, Article 18 of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1971) to the rights of authors, performers and producers of phonograms in Section G. A Party may provide for conditions, limitations, exceptions and reservations to the extent permitted in Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement. Article QQ.G.9: Each Party shall provide that for copyright and related rights, any person acquiring or holding any economic right141in a work, SG/BN/NZ/MY/VN/CL oppose: performance, or phonogram: (a) may freely and separately transfer that right by contract; and (b) by virtue of a contract, including contracts of employment underlying the creation of works, BN/SG/MY/VN/NZ/CL oppose: performances, and phonograms, shall be able to exercise that right in that person's own name and enjoy fully the benefits derived from that right. CL: (c) Each Party may establish: nbsp; (i) which specific contracts underlying the creation of works or phonograms shall, in the absence of a written agreement, result in a transfer of economic rights by operation of law; and (ii) reasonable limits to the provisions in paragraph 2(a) cross reference to QQ.G.9(a)-(b) to protect the interests of the original right holders, taking into account the legitimate interests of the transferees. Article QQ.G.X --FOOTNOTES-- 139 Negotiators' Note: AU/CA agree in principle but will reflect further on the language. 140 Negotiators' Note: AU supports this article ad referendum. 141 For greater certainty, this provision does not affect the exercise of moral rights. 52---PAGE BREAK--- No Party may subject the enjoyment and exercise of the rights of authors, performers and producers of phonograms provided for in this Chapter to any formality. Article QQ.G.10: {Copyright and Related Rights / Technological Protection Measures}142 US/AU/SG/PE/MX143144145 propose; MY/VN/BN/JP oppose146: (a) In order to provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures that authors, performers, and producers of phonograms use in connection with the exercise of their rights147 and that restrict unauthorized acts in respect of their works, performances, and phonograms, each Party shall provide that any person who: (i) knowingly, CL oppose: or having reasonable grounds to know148, circumvents without CL oppose: authority CL propose: authorization any effective technological measure that controls access to a protected work, performance, phonogram, PE/CA/CL oppose: or other subject matter; or (ii) manufactures, imports, distributes, CL oppose: offers CA/CL propose: for sale or rental to the public, provides, or otherwise traffics149 in devices, products, or components, CL oppose: or offers to the public or provides services, that: (A) are promoted, advertised150, or marketed by that person, PE/SG/CL oppose: or by another person acting in concert with that person and with that person's knowledge, for the purpose of circumvention of any effective technological measure, (B) have only a limited commercially significant purpose or use other than to circumvent any effective technological --FOOTNOTES-- 142 Negotiators' Note: Article QQ.H.4.15 should be discussed after discussions on this issue. 143 Negotiator's Note: MX supports this provision in principle. 144 Negotiator's Note: CA supports this provision in principle pending outcome of discussions on exceptions. 145 Negotiator's Note: CL is considering pending the outcome of the language of this proposal. 146 Negotiator's Note: NZ reserves its position on article QQ.G.10 pending the outcome of exceptions and limitations on TPMs protection. JP is considering a possibility of producing its proposal on Technological Protection Measures. 147 Negotiator's Note: CA reserves its position pending the clarification of the meaning of "rights". 148 Negotiator's Note: CA pending clarification of criminal remedies. 149 Negotiator's Note: CA reserves its position pending clarification of "traffics". 150 Negotiator's Note: CA reserves its position pending clarification of the terms "promoted" and "advertised." 53---PAGE BREAK--- measure, or (C) are primarily designed, produced, or performed for the purpose of CA oppose: enabling or facilitating the circumvention of any151 effective technological measure, shall be liable and subject to the remedies set out in Article 12.12152153. CL propose: If the conduct is carried out in good faith without knowledge that the conduct in prohibited, a Party may exempt acts prohibited under this subparagraph that are carried out in connection with a nonprofit library, archive or educational institution. Each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied when any person, other than a nonprofit 154 library, CA/CL propose: museum, archive, educational institution, or CA/CL oppose: public noncommercial broadcasting entity, CA propose: any other nonprofit entity as determined by a Party's law is found to have engaged CA oppose: willfully and for purposes of commercial advantage CL oppose: or private financial gain CA propose: knowingly and for commercial purposes in any of the foregoing activities. SG/AU/PE/CL155 oppose: Such criminal procedures and penalties shall include the application to such activities of the remedies and authorities listed in subparagraphs (a), (b), and (f) of Article 15.5156 as applicable to infringements, mutatis mutandis. 157 CL propose: No Party is required to impose civil or criminal liability for a person who circumvents any effective technological measure that protects any of the exclusive rights of copyright or related rights in a protected work, but does not control access to such work. (b) In implementing subparagraph (a), no Party shall be obligated to require that the design of, or the design and selection of parts and components for, a consumer electronics, telecommunications, or computing product provide for a response to any particular technological measure, so long as the product does not otherwise violate any measures implementing subparagraph (a). CL oppose: (c) Each Party shall provide that a violation of a measure--FOOTNOTES-- 151 Negotiator's Note: CA reserves its position pending clarification of "any". 152 Negotiator's Note: CA seeks clarification as to whether article "12.12" is meant to refer to art icle QQ.H.4(15). 153 Negotiator's Note: CA reserves its position pending outcome of discussion of provision QQ.H.4(15). 154 Negotiator's Note: CA seeks clarification if nonprofit applies to all institutions. 155 Negotiator's Note: CA seeks clarification of the intention of this sentence. 156 Negotiator's Note: CA seeks clarification as to whether article "15.15" is meant to refer to article QQ.H.7(7). CA reserves position pending clarification of QQ.H.7(7). 157 US/AU: For purposes of greater certainty, no Party is required to impose liability under Articles 9 and 10 for actions taken by that Party or a third party acting with the authorization or consent of that Party. Negotiator's Note: CA seeks clarification of this footnote. 54---PAGE BREAK--- implementing this paragraph is independent of any infringement that might occur under the Party's law on copyright and related rights. (d) 158 Each Party shall confine exceptions and limitations to measures implementing subparagraph (a) CL oppose: to the following activities, CL propose: certain special cases that do not impair the adequacy of legal protection of the effectiveness of legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures CL oppose: which shall be applied to relevant measures in accordance with subparagraph (e): (i) CA oppose: noninfringing reverse engineering activities with regard to a lawfully obtained copy of a computer program, carried out in good faith with respect to particular elements of that computer program that have not been readily available to the person engaged in those activities 159, for the sole purpose of achieving interoperability of an independently created computer program with other programs160 CA propose: reverse engineering activities with regard to a lawfully obtained copy of a computer program, for the sole purpose of achieving interoperability of the program or any other program; (ii) CA oppose: noninfringing good faith activities, carried out by an appropriately qualified researcher who has lawfully obtained a copy, CL oppose: unfixed performance, or display of a work, performance, or phonogram and who has made a good faith effort to obtain authorization for such activities, to the extent necessary for the sole purpose of research consisting of identifying and an*lyzing flaws and vulnerabilities of CL propose: encryption technologies161 CL oppose: for scrambling and descrambling of information CA propose: activities with regard to a lawfully obtained copy of a work, performance, or phonogram for the sole purpose of encryption research; (iii) the inclusion of a component or part for the sole purpose of preventing the access of minors to inappropriate online content in a technology, product, service, or device that itself is not prohibited under the measures --FOOTNOTES-- 158 Negotiator's Note: CA is considering these limitations. 159 CL propose: For greater certainty, elements of a computer program are not readily available to a person seeking to engage in non-infringing reverse engineering when they cannot be obtained from literature on the subject, from the copyright holder, or from sources in the public domain. 160 CL propose: Such activity occurring in the course of research and development is not excluded in this exception. 161 CL propose: Such activity occurring in the course of research and development is not excluded from this exception. 55---PAGE BREAK--- implementing subparagraph (a)(ii)162; (iv) CA oppose: noninfringing good faith activities that are authorized by the owner of a computer, computer system, or computer network for the sole purpose of testing, investigating, or correcting the security of that computer, computer system, or computer network CA propose: security testing activities that are authorized by the owner or administrator of a computer, computer system or computer network for the sole purpose of testing, investigating, or correcting the security of that computer, computer system or computer network; (v) CA oppose: noninfringing activities for the sole purpose of identifying and disabling a capability to carry out undisclosed collection or dissemination of personally identifying information reflecting the online activities of a natural person in a way that has no other effect on the ability of any person to gain access to any work CA propose: activities for the sole purpose of identifying or disabling a capacity to carry out collection or dissemination of personally identifying information; (vi) lawfully authorized activities carried out by government employees, agents, or contractors for the purpose of law enforcement, intelligence, essential security, or similar governmental purposes163; (vii) access by a nonprofit library, CA propose: museum, archive, or educational institution to a work, performance, or phonogram not otherwise available to it, for the sole purpose of making acquisition decisions; and CA propose: (viii) activities for the sole purpose of making a work, performance or phonogram perceptible to a person with a perceptual disability. (ix) activities for the sole purpose of making an ephemeral reproduction of a work, performance or phonogram, (x) circumvention of a technological measure on a radio apparatus for the sole purpose of gaining or facilitating access to a telecommunication service by means of the radio apparatus --FOOTNOTES-- 162 Negotiator's Note: CA reserves its position. 163 Negotiator's Note: CA needs to reflect further on this paragraph. 56---PAGE BREAK--- (viii) CA oppose: noninfringing uses SG oppose: of a work, performance, or phonogram in a particular cla** of works, SG oppose: performances, or phonograms when an actual or likely adverse impact on those noninfringing uses CL propose: or exceptions or limitations to copyright or related rights with respect to users is PE oppose: credibly demonstrated PE propose: found CL propose: demonstrated or recognized in a legislative or administrative review or proceeding SG oppose: by substantial evidence; provided that AU/PE oppose: any limitation or exception adopted in reliance upon this clause shall have effect for a renewable period of not more than three SG propose: four years AU/PE propose: any such review or proceeding is conducted at least once every four years from the date of conclusion of such review or proceeding. CA propose: (xi) Each Party may provide further exceptions and limitations to measures implementing subparagraph (a) in relation to non infringing uses as determined through a legislative, regulatory, judicial, or administrative process in accordance with the Party's law, following due consideration of the actual or potential adverse impact on those non infringing uses. (e) 164 The exceptions and limitations to measures implementing subparagraph (a) for the activities set forth in subparagraph 4.9(d) may CL oppose: only be applied as followsCL oppose: , and only to the extent that they do not impair the adequacy of legal protection or the effectiveness of legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures: (i) Measures implementing subparagraph (a)(i) may be subject to exceptions and limitations with respect to each CL propose: situations and activity set forth in subparagraph (d). (ii) Measures implementing subparagraph (a)(ii), as they apply to effective technological measures that control access to a work, performance, or phonogram, may be subject to exceptions and limitations with respect to activities set forth in subparagraph (d) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), and (vi). (iii) Measures implementing subparagraph (a)(ii), as they apply to effective technological measures that protect any copyright or --FOOTNOTES-- 164 Negotiator's Note: CA is considering paragraph (e) pending the outcome on discussions on limitations and exceptions. 57---PAGE BREAK--- any rights related to copyright, may be subject to exceptions and limitations with respect to activities set forth in subparagraph (d) (i) and (vi). (f) 165 Effective technological measure means any CA propose: effective technology, device, or component that, in the normal course of its operation, controls access to a protected work, performance, phonogram, PE/CL/CA oppose: or other protected subject matter, or protects CA oppose: any copyright or any rights related to copyright CA propose: rights related to a work, performance or phonogram.CL propose: and cannot, in a usual case be circumvented accidentally. Article QQ.G.11: SG/CL propose 166: Nothing in this agreement shall require any Party to restrict the importation or domestic sale of a device that does not render effective a technological measure the sole purpose of which is to control market segmentation for legitimate copies of cinematographic film or computer program, and is not otherwise a violation of law. Article QQ.G.12167: {Technological Protection Measures} CL/NZ/PE/VN/MY/BN/JP propose; AU/US oppose: 1. PE/SG oppose: Each Party VN propose: may VN oppose: shall provide legal protections and remedies against the circumvention of effective technological protection measures in their domestic copyright laws where circumvention is for purposes of infringing the exclusive rights of copyright NZ oppose: or related rights owners. 2. Each Party may provide that such protections and remedies shall not hinder or prevent uses of copyright or related rights protected material that are permitted under exceptions or limitations to the exclusive rights of copyright NZ oppose: and related rights owners, or the use of materials that are in the public domain. PE/SG: It is understood that nothing in this Article prevents a Party from adopting effective and necessary measures to ensure that a beneficiary may enjoy limitations and exceptions provided in that Party's national law, in accordance with Article QQG16, where technological measures have been applied to a work, performance or --FOOTNOTES-- 165 Negotiator's Note: CA is considering paragraph (f). 166 Negotiators' Note: NZ/PE/CA/AU/MX/MY/BN/VN support in principle pending drafting consultations. 167 Negotiator's note: SG/CA/MX is willing to consider a more flexible approach to TPM provisions. 58---PAGE BREAK--- phonogram, and the beneficiary has legal access to that work, performance or phonogram particularly in circumstances such as where appropriate and effective measures have not been taken by rights holders in relation to that work, performance or phonogram to enable the beneficiary to enjoy the limitations and exceptions under that Party's national law. 168 3. Subject to each Party's international obligations, the Parties affirm that they may establish provisions to facilitate the exercise of permitted acts where technological measures have been applied. Article QQ.G.13: {Copyright and Related Rights / Rights Management Information} In order to provide adequate and effective legal remedies to protect rights management information: (a) each Party VN oppose: shall VN: may provide VN oppose: that VN: legal remedies against any person who without authority, and knowing, or, with respect to civil remedies, having reasonable grounds to know, that it would induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal an infringement of CA oppose: any CA propose: the copyright or related right VN oppose: , VN: : (i) knowingly removes or alters any CA/JP propose: electronic rights management information; (ii) MY/BN/VN/CA/JP oppose: distributes or imports for distribution rights management information knowing that the rights management information has been altered without authority; or (iii) CA propose: knowingly distributes, imports for distribution, broadcasts, communicates or makes available to the public copies of works, CL/NZ/MY/SG/VN oppose: performances, or phonograms, knowing that CA/JP propose: electronic rights management information has been removed or altered without authority VN oppose: , VN: . VN oppose: shall be liable and subject to the remedies set out in Article --FOOTNOTES-- 168 Negotiator's Note: MY/VN/CL does not object in principle but needs to reflect further on the language. 59---PAGE BREAK--- QQ.H.4(15)169.170 Each Party CA/MX/JP propose: may CA/MX oppose: shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied when any person, other than a nonprofit library, archive, CA propose: museum, MY: or educational institution MY/CA oppose: , or CL oppose: public noncommercial broadcasting entity CA propose: any other nonprofit entity as determined by a Party's law. CL: established without a profit-making purpose, is found to have engaged CA oppose: willfully and for purposes of commercial advantage or private financial gain CA propose: knowingly and for commercial purposes in any of the foregoing activities. MY/CA propose: Each Party may provide that these criminal procedures and penalties do not apply to any other nonprofit entity as determined by a Party's law. AU/SG/PE/CL/MY/NZ/BN/CA/MX/JP oppose: Such criminal procedures and penalties shall include the application to such activities of the remedies and authorities listed in subparagraphs (a), (b) and (f) of Article 15.5 as applicable to infringements, mutatis mutandis. SG/NZ/CL/MY/BN/VN/CA/JP oppose: (b) each Party shall confine exceptions and limitations to measures implementing subparagraph (a) to lawfully authorized activities carried out by MX propose: the government MX oppose: employees, agents, or contractors for the purpose of law enforcement, intelligence, essential security, or similar governmental purposes.(c) Rights management information means: (i) AU/MY/CA/JP propose: electronic information that identifies a work, NZ/MY oppose: performance, or phonogram, the author of the work, NZ/MY oppose: the performer of the performance, or the producer of the phonogram; or the owner of any right in the work, NZ/MY oppose: performance, or phonogram; (ii) AU/MY/CA/JP: electronic information about the terms and conditions of the use of the work, NZ/MY oppose:performance, or phonogram ; or (iii) any AU/MY/CA/JP: electronic numbers or codes that represent such information, when any of these items CA propose: of information is attached to a copy--FOOTNOTES-- 169 Negotiator's Note: CL/MY/NZ/BN/JP positions pending outcome of this provision. 170 Negotiator's Note: NZ/JP is considering the scope of obligations under this paragraph. 60---PAGE BREAK--- of the work, NZ/MY oppose: performance, or phonogram or appears in connection with the communication or making available of a work, NZ/MY oppose: performance or phonogram, to the public. (d) For greater certainty, nothing in this paragraph shall obligate a Party to require the owner of any right in the work, performance, or phonogram to attach rights management information to copies of the work, performance, or phonogram, or to cause rights management information to appear in connection with a communication of the work, performance, or phonogram to the public. Article QQ.G.14: {Related Rights} 1. Each Party shall accord the rights provided for in this Chapter with respect to NZ/BN/MY oppose: performers and producers of phonograms to the NZ/BN/MY oppose: performers and producers of phonograms who are nationals 171 of another Party and to NZ/BN/MY oppose: performances or phonograms first published or first fixed in the territory of another Party 172. A NZ/BN/MY oppose: performance or phonogram shall be considered first published in the territory of a Party in which it is published within 30 days of its original publication. 173 174 2. Each Party shall provide to performers the right to authorize or prohibit: (a) broadcasting and communication to the public of their unfixed performances, except where the performance is already a broadcast performance; and (b) fixation of their unfixed performances. 3. US/AU/PE/NZ/MY/BN/VN/CL/MX/SG propose ; CA oppose: (a) Each Party shall provide to NZ oppose: performers and producers of phonograms the right to authorize or prohibit BN oppose: the broadcasting or --FOOTNOTES-- 171 Negotiator's Note: CA reserves its position pending the outcome of FN10 (Art. QQ.A.7). 172 For greater certainty, in this paragraph with respect to performances or phonograms first published or first fixed in the territory of a Party, a Party may apply the criterion of publication, or alternatively, the criterion of fixation, or both. 173 For purposes of this Article, fixation means the finalization of the master tape or its equivalent. 174 JP propose: A Party may comply with its obligations under this paragraph by legislating that performers and producers of phonograms are protected to the extent provided for in Article 3 of WPPT and/or Paragraph 3 of Article 1 of the TRIPS Agreement. 61---PAGE BREAK--- any communication to the public of their NZ oppose: performances or phonograms, by wire or wireless means, including the making available to the public of those NZ oppose: performances and phonograms in such a way that members of the public may access them from a place and at a time individually chosen by them. US/CL/PE/MX/SG/MY/NZ/AU/VN/BN propose: (b) Notwithstanding subparagraph (a) and Article QQ.G.16.1 exceptions and limitations – 3 step test, the application of this right to an*log transmissions and SG/VN/BN oppose: non-interactive, free over-the-air CL/PE/MX oppose: an*log and digital broadcasts, and exceptions or limitations to this right for such activity, shall be a matter of each Party's law. US/AU/SG/CL/PE/VN/MY propose: (c) Each Party may adopt limitations to this right in respect of other noninteractive transmissions in accordance with Article QQ.G.16.1 exceptions and limitations – 3 step test, provided that the limitations do not CL/PE oppose: unreasonably prejudice the right of the performer or producer of phonograms to obtain equitable remuneration. CA propose: Each Party shall provide to performers and producers of phonograms the rights to authorize or prohibit: (c) the broadcasting or any communication to the public of their performances or phonograms; and (d) the making available to the public, by wire or wireless means, of their performances and phonograms in such a way that members of the public may access them from a place and at a time individually chosen by them. Where, upon the data of signature of this Agreement, the right in subparagraph (a) has not been implemented by a Party, the requirement may be satisfied by providing a right to a single equitable remuneration for the direct or indirect use of phonograms published 175 for commercial purposes for broadcasting or for any communication to the public. 176--FOOTNOTES-- 175 The term "published" in this paragraph includes phonograms that are made available in accordance with Article 15(4) of the WPPT. 176 Where a Party has availed itself of the option contained in Article 15(3) of the World Intellectual Property Organization Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT), the obligation contained in QQ.A.X – national treatment does not apply to the extent that a Party makes use of a reservation taken under that Article." 62---PAGE BREAK--- Article QQ.G.15: For purposes of this Article QQ.G.1 and Article QQ.G.3 – 18 , the following definitions apply with respect to performers and producers of phonograms: (a) broadcasting means the transmission by wireless means for public reception of sounds or of images and sounds or of the representations thereof; such transmission by satellite is also "broadcasting"; transmission of encrypted signals is "broadcasting" where the means for decrypting are provided to the public by the broadcasting organization or with its consent177; (b) communication to the public of a performance or a phonogram means the transmission to the public by any medium, other than by broadcasting, of sounds of a performance or the sounds or the representations of sounds fixed in a phonogram. For the purposes of paragraph 3, "communication to the public" includes making the sounds or representations of sounds fixed in a phonogram audible to the public; (c) fixation means the embodiment of sounds, or of the representations thereof, from which they can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated through a device; (d) performers means actors, singers, musicians, dancers and other persons who act, sing, deliver, declaim, play in, interpret, or otherwise perform literary or artistic works or expressions of folklore; (e) phonogram means the fixation of the sounds of a performance or of other sounds, or of a representation of sounds, other than in the form of a fixation incorporated in a cinematographic or other audiovisual work; (f) producer of a phonogram means the person who, or the legal entity which, takes the initiative and has the responsibility for the first fixation of the sounds of a performance or other sounds, or the representations of sounds; and (g) CA propose:178publication of a performance or a phonogram means the offering of copies of the performance or the phonogram to the public, --FOOTNOTES-- 177 US/SG propose ; CA/MX/CL/MY/VN/BN/CL oppose: For greater certainty, "broadcasting" does not include transmissions over computer networks or any transmissions where the time and place of reception may be individually chosen by members of the public. 178 Negotiator's Note; CA is considering the need for a deeming provision similar to article 15 (4) of WPPT. 63---PAGE BREAK--- with the consent of the rightholder, and provided that copies are offered to the public in reasonable quantity. Article QQ.G.16 {Limitations and Exceptions}179 Article QQ.G.X 1. With respect to Section G, each Party shall confine limitations or exceptions to exclusive rights to certain special cases that do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work, performance, or phonogram, and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder. 2. Article QQ.G.X.1 neither reduces nor extends the scope of applicability of the limitations and exceptions permitted by the TRIPS Agreement, Berne Convention VN propose: Rome Convention, the WIPO Copyright Treaty, and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty. 180 Article QQ.G.Y Each Party shall endeavor to achieve an appropriate balance in its copyright and related rights system, inter alia by means of limitations or exceptions that are consistent with Article QQ.G.X, including those for the digital environment, giving due consideration to legitimate purposes such as, but not limited to, criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, research CL/MY propose 181: , education, CL propose: and persons with disabilities US/MY/SG/CA/PE/BN/MX/VN propose: , as well as facilitating access to published works for persons who are blind, visually impaired, or otherwise print disabled 182 183. Article QQ.G.Z --FOOTNOTES-- 179 Negotiators' Note: CA supports a provision on limitations and exceptions and is reflecting further. 180 Negotiators' Note: Delegations are considering the relationship between Article QQ.G.X.2 and new multilateral agreements concluded under the auspicies of WIPO and the agreements listed in Article QQ.G.X.2. Delegations will work to resolve this issue in Article QQ.A.6 (General Provisions – relationship to other agreements) or elsewhere. 181 Negotiator's Note: SG/CA/PE/BN/NZ/AU is flexible on the inclusion of the word 'education' as the notion is already significantly covered by teaching, sholarship and research. US/MX believe the word 'education' is covered by teaching, scholarship and research, but is considering further. 182 FN: For purposes of greater clarity, a use that has commercial aspects may in appropriate circumstances be considered to have a legitimate purpose under Article QQ.G.Y. 183 Negotiator's Note: NZ/AU is flexible on either options referring to persons with disabilities. 64---PAGE BREAK--- CL/NZ/MY propose 184: It is consistent with this Agreement to provide exceptions and limitations for temporary acts of reproduction which are transient or incidental and an integral and essential part of a technological process and whose sole purpose is to enable (a) a lawful transmission in a network between third parties by an intermediary; or (b) a lawful use of a work; and which have no independent economic significance. Article QQ.G.17: {International Exhaustion of Rights} CL/NZ/SG/MY/BN/VN/PE/MX185 propose; AU/US oppose: The Parties are encouraged to establish international exhaustion of rights. CA propose: Nothing in this Chapter shall affect the freedom of the Parties to determine whether and under what conditions the exhaustion of copyright and related rights applies. Article QQ.G.18: {Collective Management} The Parties recognize the important role of collective management societies for copyright and related rights in collecting and distributing royalties 186 based on practices that are fair, efficient, transparent and accountable, and which may include appropriate record keeping and reporting mechanisms. --FOOTNOTES-- 184 Negotiator's Note: Delegations are considering the appropriate placement of this issue under right of reproduction or L & E. There continue to be discussions regarding this issue and delegations have diverging views. 185 Negotiators' Note: CA reserves its position pending the outcome of discussions elsewhere in this Chapter. 186 For greater certainty, royalties may include equitable remuneration. 65---PAGE BREAK---